Summary:
Statistics - is a branch of
science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation o quantitative data.
Branches of Statistics
1) Descriptive Statistics -
is a method concerned with the collecting, describing, and analyzing a set of
data without drawing conclusion.
2) Inferential Statistics -
is a branch of statistics concerned with the analysis of a subset data leading
to predictions or inferences about the entire set of data.
3) Frequency Distribution -
is a tabular arrangement of data into appropriate categories showing a manner of
observation in each category or group.
Parts of the Frequency Table:
1) Class limit - is the
group or categories defined by the lower and upper limits
2) Class size - the width
of each class intervals
3) Class boundaries - the
numbers used to separate each category in a frequency distribution but without
gaps created by the class limits.
4) Class Marks - the
midpoint of the lower and upper class limits.
Measure of Central
Tendency
Three
commonly used Measures of Central Tendency:
1. Mean - the most commonly
used measure of the center of data.
Mean
for grouped data:
§
Grouped Data - are the data of
scores that are arranged in frequency distribution.
§
Frequency Distribution - is the arrangement of
scores according to categories of classes including the frequency.
§
Frequency - is the number of
observation falling in a category.
2. Median - second type of
measure of central tendency. It divides the scores in the distribution of two
equal parts.
3. Mode - third measure of
central tendency.
Four
Classification of Mode:
1) Unimodal - consist of
only one mode.
2) Bimodal - consists of
two modes.
3) Trimodal - has three
modes.
4) Multimodal - consists of
more than two modes,
5)
Quantiles - is a score
distribution where the scores are divided into different equal parts.
Three
Kinds of Quantiles:
§
Quartiles
- divides the scores in the distribution into four.
§
Decile -
divides the score into 10 equal parts.
§
Percentile
- divides the score into hundred equal parts.
Reflection:
Statistics provides tools for describing
variability in data and for making informed decisions that take it into
account.
Statistics can be helpful in any number of situations as they make it
possible to analyze sets of data and come to
informed conclusions about that data.
Statistics enables teachers to monitor student's
progress throughout the school year. By giving students small tests, as well
as the big end of year exams, teachers are able to keep track of students and
see if they are coping well. It will inform the teacher if the strategy
used affects student’s learning or not.
With the help of the statistics, as a future teacher, it will be easy to know
what particular subject doing well among the students and who are the students
performs well and not. As soon as the data has been analyzed and done, it will
be easy to identify what area should be given more focus to make improvements
and what strategies to be implemented.
